![]() ![]() Primary and secondary cortical areas are also distinguished by their feedback projections to the first-order and higher-order thalamus (Sherman and Guillery 2002 Bartlett 2013). Accordingly, ACtx can be generally divided into (i) lemniscal areas, composed of primary auditory cortex (A1) and anterior auditory field (AAF), which receive inputs from the MGBv, and (ii) non-lemniscal or secondary auditory cortical areas, e.g., dorsal and ventral field of the auditory cortex (Hackett et al. These subdivisions project to distinct areas of ACtx. In mammals, the thalamus is subdivided into two major divisions, the first-order (lemniscal) ventral division of the medial geniculate body (MGBv) and higher-order (non-lemniscal) nuclei such as dorsal and medial division of the medial geniculate body (MGBd and MGBm) (Mesulam and Pandya 1973 Ryugo and Killackey 1974 Redies et al. ![]() This activity propagates through a series of different brainstem and midbrain nuclei before reaching the auditory thalamus (medial geniculate body, MGB) and finally the ACtx (Budinger and Kanold 2018 Goodrich and Kanold 2020). Sound is transmitted in the form of vibration through the ear canal, passing through the tympanic membrane, ossicles, and transduced into electrical activity in the cochlea. The auditory cortex (ACtx) is a key central sound processing area. ![]()
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